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3. Land Readjustment Project


〈article 26、 27、 28)〉

　A land readjustment project is a project according to the Land Readjustment Project Act. In these projects, land can be more effectively used by having the lot configuration and land conditions changed and with a part of land contributed by landowners so that public infrastructure such as parks and roads, which were not satisfactorily provided in the previous environment, can be provided.
　The land readjustment projects planned after this earthquake disaster are provided with various special cases according to "the Hisai Shigaichi Fukko Tokubetsu Sochi-ho(Special Act for Disaster Area)." These project districts are designated as an earthquake disaster rehabilitation land readjustment project district. The main districts are listed in Table 1.

Earthquake disaster rehabilitation land readjustment project:

　The earthquake disaster rehabilitation land readjustment project has the following various special cases in addition to the contents of a conventional land readjustment project.

Two-stage designation of land readjustment and redevelopment areas:

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Table-1 Main Earthquake disaster rehabilitation land readjustment projects
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System of Land Readjustment Project befour after
　According to Mr. Ogama (Chief of the rehabilitation land readjustment section in the urban planning department of Kobe city), the initial urban planning for these districts was decided in a short period of time, namely, 2 months after the earthquake, for the following three reasons: (1) To purchase land from a candidate for citizen life rehabilitation funds; (2) to secure temporary housing for those wishing to live in the previous residential area; and (3) to promote earliest rehabilitation. There was a great deal of argument over the quick decisions made with little participation of residents including decisions about public infrastructure, the amount of land that owners in land readjustment districts contributed for public improvements, and the replotting.
　In view of these conditions, the designation of land readjustment and redevelopment areas for the earthquake disaster rehabilitation land readjustment project was split into two stages by adopting a "two-stage designation of land readjustment and redevelopment areas" system. The planning on (1) districts to be covered and (2) principal urban infrastructure such as roads and parks decided on the 17th of March, 1995 was the first stage decision. As the second stage, the planning on more neighborhood-serving infrastructure, such as roads serving daily living needs (minor streets) and block parks, was to be decided through discussion considering the demands and opinions of the residents. As a result, the initial planning was changed in some districts.
　In response to the first stage decision of the urban planning, a machizukuri organization was established in each of the project districts for the discussion and examination. At present, the second stage decisions have been made in most of the districts.
　Also, it is significant that district planning was established mainly in the districts where the land readjustment projects had been decided so as to improve the residential environment as well as to promote the rebuilding of housing.
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