EFL Japan
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The Illustrated Way

How to Develop Fluency in Speech at the Same Pace as Accuracy in Usage

2.Communication activities

A. Pair Work

Background to Step 4: The Pair Work exercises are fluency in speech activities designed to give students an opportunity to interact spontaneously and meaningfully. At this stage in the learning process, it is important to encourage a feeling of letting-go, and the dialogues are only a guideline for students to improvise their own conversations.

Since the goal of this activity is fluency in speech, the teacher should encourage students to express their own thoughts and feelings for as long as possible in English; any student, therefore, who is speaking Japanese (or not speaking at all!) will receive "minus" points.
Whenever students hear this, they clearly understand - if they have not already - that beneath all the apparent frivolity there is an underlying seriousness of purpose (I personally prefer to give "minus" points only to those who are obviously goofing off). In order to be able to monitor easily anyone who is not making an effort to speak, or who is speaking in Japanese, have students display their name tags on their desks.
Step 4: The teacher can begin this activity by explaining the dialogue, Substitutions and Useful Expressions. For each Pair Work activity the teacher will have to decide whether to emphasize the situation, topic, or function. This is to enable students to take their cue from the teacher when they begin to improvise their own conversations.
After the teacher has fully explained the activity, two or three pairs of students should be asked to read the script as naturally as they can in front of the whole class, after which all the students need to improvise their own conversations. Always remember to encourage them to speak from personal experience since it will make their conversations more spontaneous and their interaction more meaningful.

Background to Step 5: Japanese students have been weaned on a steady diet of examinations, often having to take a test even at the ripe old age of three to be able to secure a place in a respectable kindergarten. By the time they get to college, they have passed through a labyrinth of examinations, so not to test and give them a grade would be tantamount to insulting their intelligence and undermining their feelings of self-worth. Therefore, in order to keep their unconscious mind in good shape, it is strongly recommended that you use this activity to do so.
Step 5: When students have been talking to each other for ten minutes or so, ask a pair of students who have been doing particularly well to come to the front of the class and "perform." Repeat this activity with three or four different pairs of students. The rules for grading these conversations are quite simple: students have to speak for as long as they can (without using any Japanese); also, the closer the students' dialogues resemble the original text the fewer the points they receive. This is one way to emphasize the importance of personal expression as well as to reward creativity.

If you have a good class and your students are really confident, you could select a pair at random to make the interaction look more like a natural conversation instead of a "replay" of the original dialogue. Also, from time to time, you might like to ask questions related to the content of the dialogues to the class in general. By doing so, students who are not participating in the dialogue in front of the entire class are still involved and need to be alert because of the possibility of having to answer a question. Students who perform in front of the class as well as students who answer questions related to the content of the dialogues should be graded for their effort. You might also want to record the students' performances on audio or video so as to give them a more "objective" view of their interactions. If their level and participation is minimal, however, it could have the opposite effect (in which case, don't tape or film them).

Summary

Conceptual Background

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Conceptual Background

The Methodology

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Pre-communication activities

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Communication activities

Top Page

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